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NO conversion by positive streamer discharge—effects of gas compositions and reaction conditions

HE Wei, ZHU Tianle, LI Jing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 153-158 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0027-z

摘要： The effects of gas compositions and reaction conditions on NO conversion by positive streamer discharge were experimentally investigated by using a link tooth wheel-cylinder reactor. The results showed that NO conversion increased w

关键词： conversion     streamer discharge     wheel-cylinder     positive streamer    

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Ultrafine Fe-modulated Ni nanoparticles embedded within nitrogen-doped carbon from Zr-MOFs-confined conversionfor efficient oxygen evolution reaction

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期   页码 1114-1124 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2087-1

摘要： Improvement of the low-cost transition metal electrocatalyst used in sluggish oxygen evolution reaction is a significant but challenging problem. In this study, ultrafine Fe-modulated Ni nanoparticles embedded in a porous Ni-doped carbon matrix were produced by the pyrolysis of zirconium metal-organic-frameworks, in which 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate operating as a ligand can coordinate with Ni2+ and Fe3+. This strategy allows formation of Fe-modulated Ni nanoparticles with a uniform dimension of about 2 nm which can be ascribed to the spatial blocking effect of ZrO2. This unique catalyst displays an efficient oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 372 mV at 10 mA·cm–2 and a small Tafel slope of 84.4 mV·dec–1 in alkaline media. More importantly, it shows superior durability and structural stability after 43 h in a chronoamperometry test. Meanwhile, it shows excellent cycling stability during 4000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. This research offers a new insight into the construction of uniform nanoscale transition metals and their alloys as highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts.

关键词： metal-organic framework     pyrolysis     ultrafine     Fe-modulated Ni nanoparticles     oxygen evolution reaction    

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Co anchored on porphyrinic triazine-based frameworks with excellent biocompatibility for conversion of

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1761-1771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2195-6

摘要： Microbial electrosynthesis is a promising alternative to directly convert CO2 into long-chain compounds by coupling inorganic electrocatalysis with biosynthetic systems. However, problems arose that the conventional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution may produce extensive by-products of reactive oxygen species and cause severe metal leaching, both of which induce strong toxicity toward microorganisms. Moreover, poor stability of electrocatalysts cannot be qualified for long-term operation. These problems may result in poor biocompatibility between electrocatalysts and microorganisms. To solve the bottleneck problem, Co anchored on porphyrinic triazine-based frameworks was synthesized as the electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and further coupled with Cupriavidus necator H16. It showed high selectivity for a four-electron pathway of oxygen reduction reaction and low production of reactive oxygen species, owing to the synergistic effect of Co–Nx modulating the charge distribution and adsorption energy of intermediates. Additionally, low metal leaching and excellent stability were observed, which may be attributed to low content of Co and the stabilizing effect of metalloporphyrins. Hence, the electrocatalyst exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Finally, the microbial electrosynthesis system equipped with the electrocatalyst successfully converted CO2 to poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. This work drew up a novel strategy for enhancing the biocompatibility of electrocatalysts in microbial electrosynthesis system.

关键词： microbial electrosynthesis     hydrogen evolution reaction     metalloporphyrins     biocompatibility     CO2 conversion    

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Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of chlorobenzene on mineral -FeO particulates: a chamber experiment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1734-9

摘要：

● Photochemical conversion of chlorobenzene (CB) on α-Fe2O3 was evaluated.

关键词： Photochemical conversion     Chlorobenzene     α-Fe2O3     PCDD/Fs     Mineral particulate    

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Preparation of manganese (III) acetylacetonate nanoparticles via an environmentally benign route

M. S. Shalaby, H. Abdallah

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 329-337 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1339-0

摘要： With the hope of overcoming the generation of hazardous materials to human health and environment, serious and great endeavor have been made in catalyst fabrication using green chemistry technology. In this paper, the manganese (III) acetylacetonate nanoparticles with diameters of about 146 nm were prepared by a simple and environmentally benign route based on hydrolysis of KMnO followed by reaction with acetylacetone in rapid stirring rate or ultrasonication. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDIX), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Various parameters were investigated, and the pure and stable crystals of manganese (III) acetylacetonate could be obtained in 98% conversion at a molar ratio 7∶1 of acetylacetone to KMnO and 75°C after 60 min. We further proposed a mathematical model, and the predicted results from model were in good agreement with experimental results.

关键词： green chemistry     manganese (III) acetylacetonate     reaction conversion     Mathematical model    

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Copolymerization of 1-butene and 1-hexene with supported titanium catalyst

ZHAO Yongxian, SHAO Huafeng, WANG Bo, YAO Wei, HUANG Baochen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 304-309 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0056-y

摘要： With TiCl/MgCl (Ti) and Al(-Bu) (Al) as catalysts, the thermoplastic copolymer of 1-butene(Bt) and 1-hexene(He) was synthesized successfully. The effects of Bt/He, Ti/(He+Bt), Al/Ti, temperature and reaction time on conversion, catalyst efficiency(CE), intrinsic viscosity([η]) and insoluble content were studied. The copolymer was analyzed with Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR). Results showed that the optimal polymerization conditions were: He/Bt = 0.25, temperature 40ºC–50ºC, Al/Ti = 400–500, Ti/(Bt+He) = 3×10-4*times;10, time 4 h. Intrinsic viscosity was found to increase with increasing Ti/(Bt+He) and decreasing Al/Ti and polymerization temperature. When the molar content of He, Al/Ti and polymerization temperature increased, the insoluble content in CHCl of copolymers decreased. When Ti/(Bt+He) and reaction time increased, the insoluble content in CHCl of copolymers also increased. The crystallization and stereoregularity of poly(1-butene) decreased with the addition of He.

关键词： reaction     conversion     temperature     polymerization temperature     magnetic resonance    

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Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 577-595 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0756-x

摘要： Photocatalysts have attracted great research interest owing to their excellent properties and potential for simultaneously addressing challenges related to energy needs and environmental pollution. Photocatalytic particles need to be in contact with their respective media to exhibit efficient photocatalytic performances. However, it is difficult to separate nanometer-sized photocatalytic materials from reaction media later, which may lead to secondary pollution and a poor recycling performance. Hydrogel photocatalysts with a three-dimensional (3D) network structures are promising support materials for photocatalysts based on features such as high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities and good environmental compatibility. In this review, hydrogel photocatalysts are classified into two different categories depending on their elemental composition and recent progresses in the methods for preparing hydrogel photocatalysts are summarized. Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation are reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive outlook and highlight future challenges in the development of hydrogel photocatalysts are presented.

关键词： hydrogel     photocatalysts     energy conversion     environmental treatment    

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Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia

Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1217-1

摘要： The SRAO phenomena tended to occur only under certain conditions. High amount of biomass and non-anaerobic condition is requirement for SRAO. Anammox bacteria cannot oxidize ammonium with sulfate as electron acceptor. AOB and AnAOB are mainly responsible for ammonium conversion. Heterotrophic sulfate reduction mainly contributed to sulfate conversion. For over two decades, sulfate reduction with ammonium oxidation (SRAO) had been reported from laboratory experiments. SRAO was considered an autotrophic process mediated by anammox bacteria, in which ammonium as electron donor was oxidized by the electron acceptor sulfate. This process had been attributed to observed transformations of nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds in natural environments. Results obtained differed largely for the conversion mole ratios (ammonium/sulfate), and even the intermediate and final products of sulfate reduction. Thus, the hypothesis of biological conversion pathways of ammonium and sulfate in anammox consortia is implausible. In this study, continuous reactor experiments (with working volume of 3.8L) and batch tests were conducted under normal anaerobic (0.2≤DO<0.5 mg/L) / strict anaerobic (DO<0.2 mg/L) conditions with different biomass proportions to verify the SRAO phenomena and identify possible pathways behind substrate conversion. Key findings were that SRAO occurred only in cases of high amounts of inoculant biomass under normal anaerobic condition, while absent under strict anaerobic conditions for same anammox consortia. Mass balance and stoichiometry were checked based on experimental results and the thermodynamics proposed by previous studies were critically discussed. Thus anammox bacteria do not possess the ability to oxidize ammonium with sulfate as electron acceptor and the assumed SRAO could, in fact, be a combination of aerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox and heterotrophic sulfate reduction processes.

关键词： Anammox bacteria     Autotrophic     Biological conversion     Sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO)    

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Sustainable conversion regenerated cellulose into cellulose oleate by sonochemistry

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1096-1108 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2317-9

摘要： Derivatization has great potential for the high-value utilization of cellulose by enhancing its processability and functionality. However, due to the low reactivity of natural cellulose, it remains challenging to rapidly prepare cellulose derivatives with high degrees of substitution. The “cavitation effect” of ultrasound can reduce the particle size and crystalline index of cellulose, which provides a possible method for preparing cellulose derivatives. Herein, a feasible method was proposed for efficiently converting regenerated cellulose to cellulose oleate with the assistance of ultrasonic treatment. By adjusting the reaction conditions including ultrasonic intensity, feeding ratios of oleic acid, reaction time, and reaction solvent, a series of cellulose oleates with degrees of substitution ranging from 0.37 to 1.71 were synthesized. Additionally, the effects of different reaction conditions on the chemical structures, crystalline structures, and thermal behaviors were investigated thoroughly. Cellulose oleates with degrees of substitution exceeding 1.23 exhibited amorphous structures and thermoplasticity with glass transition temperatures at 159.8 to 172.6 °C. This study presented a sustainable and practicable method for effectively derivatizing cellulose.

关键词： regenerated cellulose     cellulose oleate     sonochemistry     degree of substitution     thermoplasticity    

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Floret-like Fe–N nanoparticle-embedded porous carbon superstructures from a Fe-covalent triazine polymer boosting oxygen electroreduction

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 525-535 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2232-5

摘要： Fe–Nx nanoparticles-embedded porous carbons with a desirable superstructure have attracted immense attention as promising catalysts for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, we employed Fe-coordinated covalent triazine polymer for the fabrication of Fe–Nx nanoparticle-embedded porous carbon nanoflorets (Fe/N@CNFs) employing a hypersaline-confinement-conversion strategy. Presence of tailored N types within the covalent triazine polymer interwork in high proportions contributes to the generation of Fe/N coordination and subsequent Fe–Nx nanoparticles. Owing to the utilization of NaCl crystals, the resultant Fe/N@CNF-800 which was generated by pyrolysis at 800 °C showed nanoflower structure and large specific surface area, which remarkably suppressed the agglomeration of high catalytic active sites. As expect, the Fe/N@CNF-800 exhibited unexpected oxygen reduction reaction catalytic performance with an ultrahigh half-wave potential (0.89 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), a dominant 4e– transfer approach and great cycle stability (> 92% after 100000 s). As a demonstration, the Fe/N-PCNF-800-assembled zinc–air battery delivered a high open circuit voltage of 1.51 V, a maximum peak power density of 164 mW·cm–2, as well as eminent rate performance, surpassing those of commercial Pt/C. This contribution offers a valuable avenue to exploit efficient metal nanoparticles-based carbon catalysts towards energy-related electrocatalytic reactions and beyond.

关键词： Fe–Nx nanoparticles     hypersaline-confinement conversion     floret-like carbon     covalent triazine polymers     oxygen reduction reaction    

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Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 184-192 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0185-y

摘要： Frequency regulation in a generation mix having large wind power penetration is a critical issue, as wind units isolate from the grid during disturbances with advanced power electronics controllers and reduce equivalent system inertia. Thus, it is important that wind turbines also contribute to system frequency control. This paper examines the dynamic contribution of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine in system frequency regulation. The modified inertial support scheme is proposed which helps the DFIG to provide the short term transient active power support to the grid during transients and arrests the fall in frequency. The frequency deviation is considered by the controller to provide the inertial control. An additional reference power output is used which helps the DFIG to release kinetic energy stored in rotating masses of the turbine. The optimal speed control parameters have been used for the DFIG to increases its participation in frequency control. The simulations carried out in a two-area interconnected power system demonstrate the contribution of the DFIG in load frequency control.

关键词： doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)     load frequency control     inertial control     wind energy conversion system (WECS)    

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Micro/nanofluidics-enabled energy conversion and its implemented devices

Yang YANG, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 270-287 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0126-6

摘要： Most people were not aware of the role of energy as a basic force that drives the development and economic growth of the world until the two great oil crises occurred. According to the conservation law, energy not only exists in various forms but is also capable of being converted from one form to another. The common forms of energy are mechanical energy, chemical energy, internal energy, electrical energy, atomic energy, and electromagnetic energy, among others. The fluids in nature serve as the most common carriers and media in the energy conversion process. Following the rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, the energy supply and conversion issue in micro/nano scale has also been introduced in research laboratories worldwide. With unremitting efforts, great quantities of micro/nano scale energy devices have been investigated. Micro/nanofluid shows distinct features in transporting and converting energy similar to their counterpart macroscale tasks. In this paper, a series of micro/nanofluid-enabled energy conversion devices is reviewed based on the transformation between different forms of energy. The evaluation and contradistinction of their performances are also examined. The role of micro/nanofluid as media in micro/nano energy devices is summarized. This contributes to the establishment of a comprehensive and systematic structure in the relationship between energy conversion and fluid in the micro/nano scale. Some fundamental and practical issues are outlined, and the prospects in this challenging area are explored.

关键词： micro/nanofluid     different energy forms     energy conversion     medium role    

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Conversion of polyethylene to gasoline: Influence of porosity and acidity of zeolites

《能源前沿（英文）》   页码 763-774 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0897-1

摘要： Plastic waste is causing serious environmental problems. Developing efficient, cheap and stable catalytic routes to convert plastic waste into valuable products is of great importance for sustainable development, but remains to be a challenging task. Zeolites are cheap and stable, but they are usually not efficient for plastic conversion at a low temperature. Herein a series of microporous and mesoporous zeolites were used to study the influence of porosity and acidity of zeolite on catalytic activity for plastics conversion. It was observed that H-Beta zeolite was an efficient catalyst for cracking high-density polyethylene to gasoline at 240 °C, and the products were almost C4–C12 alkanes. The effect of porosity and acidity on catalytic performance of zeolites was evaluated, which clearly visualized the good performance of H-Beta due to high surface area, large channel system, large amount accessible acidic sites. This study provides very useful information for designing zeolites for efficient conversion of plastics.

关键词： plastics conversion     polyethylene     zeolites     acidity     porosity    

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Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

Alan J. McCue, Jura Aponaviciute, Richard P.K. Wells, James A. Anderson

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 262-269 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1334-5

摘要： The addition of Au as a promoter/modifier for alumina supported Co catalyst has been studied by combined high temperature, high pressure Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and on-line gas chromatography. The combination of these tools permitted the state of the active catalyst surface to be monitored while following the elution of reaction products during the first 5–7 h on stream of the catalyst. The catalysts under study were a 10%Co/Al O and a 2.5%Au/10%Co/Al O Samples were characterised before use using Raman and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). During the initial stages of reaction, hydrocarbons were built up on the surface of the catalyst as monitored by FTIR and the nature and amount of these species were assessed in terms of CH /CH ratio and the density of these alkyl fragments by employing absorption coefficients for the individual components. The nature and reducibility of the Co particles were modified by the presence of Au while the later also shifted the CO/H balance by acting as an effective water-gas shift catalyst during the early stages of reaction. This characteristic was lost during reaction as a consequence of redistribution of the two metallic phases.

关键词： gold modified catalyst     conversion of synthesis gas    

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Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1700-1712 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2207-6

摘要： The chain length and hydrocarbon type significantly affect the production of light olefins during the catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha. Herein, for a better catalyst design and operation parameters optimization, the reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins were analyzed thermodynamically. The results revealed that the thermodynamically favorable reaction pathways for n/iso-paraffins and cyclo-paraffins were the protolytic and hydrogen transfer cracking pathways, respectively. However, the formation of light paraffin severely limits the maximum selectivity toward light olefins. The dehydrogenation cracking pathway of n/iso-paraffins and the protolytic cracking pathway of cyclo-paraffins demonstrated significantly improved selectivity for light olefins. The results are thus useful as a direction for future catalyst improvements, facilitating superior reaction pathways to enhance light olefins. In addition, the equilibrium yield of light olefins increased with increasing the chain length, and the introduction of cyclo-paraffin inhibits the formation of light olefins. High temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of ethylene, and moderate temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of propylene. n-Hexane and cyclohexane mixtures gave maximum ethylene and propylene yield of approximately 49.90% and 55.77%, respectively. This work provides theoretical guidance for the development of superior catalysts and the selection of proper operation parameters for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins from a thermodynamic point of view.

关键词： naphtha     catalytic pyrolysis     reaction pathway     equilibrium yield    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

NO conversion by positive streamer discharge—effects of gas compositions and reaction conditions

HE Wei, ZHU Tianle, LI Jing

期刊论文

Ultrafine Fe-modulated Ni nanoparticles embedded within nitrogen-doped carbon from Zr-MOFs-confined conversionfor efficient oxygen evolution reaction

期刊论文

Co anchored on porphyrinic triazine-based frameworks with excellent biocompatibility for conversion of

期刊论文

Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of chlorobenzene on mineral -FeO particulates: a chamber experiment

期刊论文

Preparation of manganese (III) acetylacetonate nanoparticles via an environmentally benign route

M. S. Shalaby, H. Abdallah

期刊论文

Copolymerization of 1-butene and 1-hexene with supported titanium catalyst

ZHAO Yongxian, SHAO Huafeng, WANG Bo, YAO Wei, HUANG Baochen

期刊论文

Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

期刊论文

Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia

Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang

期刊论文

Sustainable conversion regenerated cellulose into cellulose oleate by sonochemistry

期刊论文

Floret-like Fe–N nanoparticle-embedded porous carbon superstructures from a Fe-covalent triazine polymer boosting oxygen electroreduction

期刊论文

Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

期刊论文

Micro/nanofluidics-enabled energy conversion and its implemented devices

Yang YANG, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Conversion of polyethylene to gasoline: Influence of porosity and acidity of zeolites

期刊论文

Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

Alan J. McCue, Jura Aponaviciute, Richard P.K. Wells, James A. Anderson

期刊论文

Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

期刊论文